Examining Evidence for the Cognition-Enhancing Potential of the Antioxidant Astaxanthin

The antioxidant astaxanthin significantly extends male mouse lifespan, and human research suggests it may help prevent age-related cognitive decline.

(An image of the red-orange pigment astaxanthin | Gruppo Farmalmpresa)

The potent antioxidant astaxanthin may have pro-longevity effects, and human trial data suggests it improves cognitive function in older adults.

Aging &amp; Longevity

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<p class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer" data-start="0" data-end="125">Model: 4-week-old <span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"><span class="whitespace-normal">SM/J</span></span> mice (with <span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"><span class="whitespace-normal">C57BL/6J</span></span> comparison mice)</p>
<p data-start="127" data-end="279" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="">Dosage: Weekly intraperitoneal injections of 40 mg/kg Navitoclax or 5 mg/kg Dasatinib + 50 mg/kg Quercetin from 4 to 6–8 or 17 weeks of age.</p>
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Dasatinib and Quercetin Delay Early-Onset Disc Degeneration in Mice

Researchers find that clearing senescent cells preserves disc structure and slows early-onset disc degeneration in mice.


<p><strong data-start="26" data-end="36">Model:</strong> Older adults (60–85 years old) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.</p>
<p><strong data-start="222" data-end="233">Dosage:</strong> Participants received one gastro-resistant capsule daily for 180 days, containing either 250 mg of <em data-start="339" data-end="363">Kluyveromyces fragilis</em> yeast extract, 350 mg of <em data-start="393" data-end="419">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> yeast extract, or a placebo.</p>


Yeast Supplement Improves Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Daily supplementation with nucleotide-rich yeast extracts improves cognitive performance and mental well-being in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, researchers find. 

Brain &amp; Neurons

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Model: 5xFAD mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dosage: Oral administration of 457 mg/kg/day of glucosamine for 2 weeks </span></p>


Supplementing with glucosamine, a compound found in our cartilage, increases the risk of mortality from dementia in certain individuals while also worsening memory in mice that model dementia. 

Study led by Dr. Ramon Sun on the far right (image: mbi.ufl.edu). 

<p>Model: Six adults who received intravenous NAD+ and eight adults who received intravenous NR</p>
<p>Dosage: 500 mg of intravenous NAD+ or 500 mg of intravenous NR daily for four consecutive days</p>


Pilot Human Study Supports Safety of NAD+ IV and NR IV Infusions

A Stanford study supports the short-term safety of NAD+ and NR infusion therapies, and participants who received NR infusions exhibited significantly lower HbA1c (a blood test that reflects average blood sugar over two to three months).

(An IV bag containing a solution with NAD+ | Crete Fertility Centre)

A Stanford human trial provides the first data supporting the safety of NAD+ IV and NR IV therapies.

The NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) precursor NR (nicotinamide riboside) counters sleep-deprivation-induced cognitive deficits in rats with excess Alzheimer’s plaques. 


GlyNAC and Exercise for Age-Related Muscle Loss: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

Human trials report that GlyNAC and exercise regimens improve dysfunction of the cell’s powerhouses (mitochondria), inflammation, muscle strength, and cognition.

(Some GlyNAC tablets above the chemical structure of GlyNAC | Vitamin Retailer)

GlyNAC supplementation and exercise alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction, lower inflammation, increase muscle strength, and bolster cognition.

Skin &amp; Muscle

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Model: Old male mice</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dosage: 100 mg/kg/day of ALA administered in drinking water </span></p>


Restoring the naturally occurring antioxidant, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), to the gut wall rejuvenates stem cells and counters age-related gut degeneration in mice and human models. 

Images of miniature intestines developed from intestinal stem cells. 

Russia’s $27 Billion Bet on Beating Aging—Hype or Hope?

With an ambitious goal of conquering aging, Russia is investing $26 to $28 billion in a national health initiative.

(Russian leader, Vladimir Putin | RBC-Ukraine)

Top Evidence-Based Interventions to Lower Biological Age

Epigenetic aging clocks estimate biological age based on DNA molecular tagging patterns, and interventions like semaglutide and ketamine reduce these estimates in humans.

(The principal investigator behind the review on interventions that influence biological age, Dr. David Sinclair | The Society of the Four Arts)

As reviewed in this article, epigenetic aging clocks have estimated the effects of pharmaceutical interventions, lifestyle habits, supplements, and clinical interventions on biological age.