Unlocking the Fountain of Youth: Maximizing NAD+ Levels with Precursors

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels decline with age, which has been linked to age-related conditions, yet NAD+-boosting precursors can replenish this essential molecule.

Maximizing NAD+ levels with the precursors tryptophan, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, NMN, or NR can alleviate age-associated diseases like cardiovascular ailments and neurodegenerative conditions.

Aging &amp; Longevity

Model: Human chronic kidney disease patients with an average age of 60
Dosage: 1,000 mg per day of NR by pill for six weeks; 1,200 mg per day of CoQ10 by pill for six weeks

NR and CoQ10 Improve Kidney Function: Latest Study

A kidney disease patient study reveals nicotinamide riboside (NR) increases intermediate molecules of metabolism, and NR and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) both reduce harmful fats.

(University of California, Davis | theaggie.org)

NR significantly increases mitochondrial metabolism molecular intermediates, while both NR and CoQ10 improve lipid metabolism profiles, both suggesting metabolic improvements.

Clinical Trials

Model: hESC-derived neurons
Dosage: Nicotinamide (NAM) (Sigma-Aldrich), 1 mM Nicotinamide riboside (NR) (ChromaDex), 1 mM Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) (NMN Bio)

 Latest MIT Study Shows NMN and NR Are Potential Targets for Neurodegenerative Diseases

A new study from MIT and the University of Birmingham in the UK shows that the NAD+ precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) can save neurons with dysfunctional cell recycling (autophagy) that looks like neurodegenerative and lysosomal storage diseases.


Model: Arthritis patient whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Dosage: 1 mM NR, nicotinamide, or NMN

NAD+ Deficiency in Arthritis Patients Reversed by NMN and NR: Latest Study Findings

Spanish researchers characterize NAD+ boosting compounds’ efficacy against falling NAD+ in rheumatoid arthritis patients’ immune cells, with nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide producing promising effects.

(The study’s principal investigator, José Manuel Villalba | ABC)

Whole blood NAD+ levels predict disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis patients, and NR or nicotinamide supplementation increases NAD+ levels in arthritis patient immune cells.

Model: Mouse
Dosage: Nicotinamide Riboside (400 mg/kg/day)

Study Reveals NR Slows Liver Cancer Progression in Mice

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) could slow the spread of cancer in mice with tumors and help them keep their weight up in the late stages of the disease.


Model: C57BL/6J 8-week male mice
Dosage: 400 mg/kg of NR by oral gavage daily for 10 days

Study Shows that NR Helps Prevent Alcohol-Induced Gut Injury

Mice given nicotinamide riboside (NR) – an NAD+ precursor – were prevented from getting alcohol-induced intestinal injury, despite excessive alcohol consumption, with beneficial effects on mitochondrial function (the cell’s main energy producer) and possible implications for inflammation and age-related intestinal injuries. 


Model: C57BL/6J male mice
Dosage: 500 mg/kg/day of NMN and 435 mg/kg/day of NR intraperitoneally injected for four consecutive days beginning two hours before cisplatin-induced kidney injury

Latest UPenn Study Reveals NMN and NR Have Similar Efficacy in a Kidney Disease Model

Supplementing with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or nicotinamide riboside (NR) confers comparable benefits against kidney disease in male mice.

(The study’s principal investigator, Dr. Katalin Susztak, MD, PhD | Emory Daily Pulse)

NMN and NR have similar effects in reducing molecular markers for kidney dysfunction in a mouse model for kidney disease.

Model: 24-month-old C57BL/6J mice 
Dosage: Nicotinamide riboside (12 mM) in water. Weight/body weight concentration not given

Scientists discover that NAD+ declines with age in the olfactory bulb — the brain region involved in sense of smell — and restore smell loss with NAD+ booster nicotinamide riboside in old mice. 


Lead author, Dr. Xiuli Dan | National Institute of Health (NIH)

Model: adult male SPF Wistar rats
Dosage: Doxorubicin: 
1.67mg/kg every 3rd day for 15 days via injection
NR: 
Combined: Six IV injections of 300 mg/kg every 3rd day for 15 days 30 minutes  before doxorubicin administration
Preventative: Three IV injections of 300 mg/kg every 3rd day for 6 days and then three IV injections of 300 mg/kg every 6th day, coinciding with DOX treatment on days 12, 18, and 24 (DOX started on day 9)

NR Has Protective Effects Against Chemotherapy-Induced Heart Toxicity: New Study

A Russian study shows that treating rats with nicotinamide riboside (NR) – an NAD+ precursor – has protective effects on their hearts when faced with the cardiotoxic effects of a strong chemotherapy agent, doxorubicin.


Model: Humans with an average age of 40 years
Dosage: Initial 250 mg of NR per day increased by 250 mg per week so that 1 gram per day of NR was reached by the end of the first month; 1 gram per day of NR for the remainder of the five-month study duration

NAD+ Supplement Increases Muscle Mitochondria: Finland Study

The supplement NR raises blood NAD+ and muscle mitochondria levels while improving the gut’s bacterial composition in humans.

(The Study’s Principal Investigator, Eija Pirinen | wiki.oroboros.at)

NR supplementation over a five-month period more than doubles blood NAD+, increases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, and improves gut microbial composition.

Unlocking the Fountain of Youth: Maximizing NAD+ Levels with Precursors for Age-Defying Disease Prevention