Model: 24-month-old male C57BL/6J mice 
Dosage: 1% w/v of betaine for three weeks

The naturally occurring compound betaine is elevated in healthy adults after long-term exercise and mitigates signs of aging in mice. 

Immunity

Model: Male Sprague-Dawley rats 
Dosage: 400 mg/kg of magnesium L-theanine and 600 mg/kg of nicotinamide riboside administered orally for 40 days

Scientists find that treating rats with magnesium L-theanine and nicotinamide riboside (NR) counteracts stress-induced metabolic, gut, and liver aging. 

Study conducted by researchers from Firat University in Turkey (image: turkeyuniversity.org)

α-Lipoic Acid: Efficacy, Safety, and Dosage

α-lipoic acid is an antioxidant naturally produced by the body, which is also available as a supplement, and human trials indicate that it has neuroprotective and male fertility-enhancing effects.

(α-lipoic acid’s molecular structure | Neuroneeds)

α-lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant, which human trials suggest has neuroprotective and male fertility-enhancing properties.

Metabolism

Does NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) really help with aging? A team of international scientists reviews the latest and ongoing clinical trials.

Part of the research team, including Dr. Evandro Fei Fang (middle), from the University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital in Norway (image: med.uio.no). 

Model: Primary hippocampal neurons from non-transgenic C57BL/6 (nTg) and triple-transgenic 3xTg-AD mice; age groups: young (2–6 mo), middle (8–11 mo), and old (17–28 mo).
Dosage: Nicotinamide 2 mM + EGCG 2 µM applied to cultured neurons for 16 h (in vitro).

Study shows that brief nicotinamide + EGCG treatment restores neuronal energy in 16–24 hours, restores autophagy, reduces amyloid-beta buildup, and boosts neuron survival by ~22% in aging/Alzheimer’s lab models.

Search Result: Brain metabolism

“Exercise in a Pill”? Betaine Supplement Shows Anti-Aging Benefits

New Research: Magnesium, L-Theanine, NAD+ Combo Counters Stress Aging

An Overview of α-Lipoic Acid: Efficacy, Safety, and Dosage

NAD+ and Aging: What the Latest Research Says

Nicotinamide + EGCG Reboot Autophagy and Ease Hallmarks of Brain Aging