Key Points:
- α-lipoic acid has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.
- Human studies indicate that daily α-lipoic acid supplementation slows brain volume reductions in multiple sclerosis patients and enhances male fertility.
- α-lipoic acid does not reliably increase lifespan in mice and can even decrease it in some cases.
α-lipoic acid, an antioxidant naturally produced in the body, helps convert glucose into energy in the cell’s powerhouse, the mitochondria. This molecule also has a unique characteristic—it is soluble in both water and fat, allowing it to work as an antioxidant in different parts of the body’s cells. α-lipoic acid also helps regenerate and extend the life of other antioxidants in the body, such as vitamins C and E.
People can also purchase α-lipoic acid as a supplement, available in two forms: R-lipoic acid and S-lipoic acid. Interestingly, the body naturally produces the R-form, which has more biologically active properties.
Breaking down the preclinical studies, human trials, dosage recommendations, and safety concerns associated with α-lipoic acid may help inform anyone considering taking this supplement. In that regard, getting an up-to-date perspective on any supplement someone is considering using is crucial for gaining confidence in their final decision.
Preclinical Research on α-Lipoic Acid
Intriguingly, preclinical research in flies and worms has demonstrated that α-lipoic acid can extend the lifespan of these organisms. When researchers moved on to mice in preclinical studies to assess α-lipoic acid’s effects, they also found some potential benefits. The benefits included improved memory in some models, the prevention of vascular plaques (atherosclerosis) and elevated cholesterol in diabetic mice, and the prevention of kidney stone formation in another mouse model. All the same, results in mouse models were not universal, showing that while α-lipoic acid can reduce oxidative stress from harmful, reactive molecule buildup in cells, it may also reduce lifespan in certain aging mouse models.
Overall, mouse studies highlight α-lipoic acid’s broad antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting potential therapeutic roles in neurological and metabolic disorders. However, with mixed results showing that α-lipoic actually reduces lifespan in some aging mouse models, further research is necessary to clarify this molecule’s long-term effects and optimal uses.
Human Trials that Have Assessed α-Lipoic Acid
Human trials suggest that α-lipoic acid is generally safe and may potentially help with weight management and improve some parameters related to cardiovascular function, like blood pressure. Conversely, results pertaining to lowering inflammation are inconsistent, with some studies showing no effect. Moreover, longer-term safety data are still lacking, and potential side effects like gastrointestinal issues are possible.
Interestingly, clinical trials suggest that α-lipoic acid may improve male fertility. In that regard, α-lipoic acid appears to enhance sperm quality, sperm movement abilities, and shape. Along those lines, α-lipoic acid acts as a potent antioxidant to lower damage from harmful, reactive molecules (known as reactive oxygen species) in the reproductive system. These antioxidant effects protect sperm cells from damage and support their energy production, although further human trials, measuring things like pregnancy rates, are necessary to confirm these effects.
Optimal Dosage of α-Lipoic Acid
Determining the appropriate dose of α-lipoic acid is complex and depends on any specific health conditions one has. As such, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to determine the appropriate dosage, while considering one’s specific needs, as research is still ongoing.
With that being said, the standard dose of oral α-lipoic acid is between 300 and 600 mg daily. Furthermore, for the best absorption, this antioxidant is recommended to be taken on an empty stomach.
Also, side effects from taking α-lipoic acid can include nausea, headaches, heartburn, and vomiting. In rare cases, more serious, unspecified issues have been reported with very high doses taken
Considering risks associated with taking α-lipoic acid, individuals with diabetes, thyroid conditions, or those taking other medications should only take this antioxidant under the supervision of a healthcare provider. α-lipoic acid can interact with certain medications, which is why it is crucial to consult with a physician if taking other medications.
α-Lipoic Acid May Modestly Improve Metabolism, Based on Its Efficacy Profile
From preclinical trials showing α-lipoic acid extends fly and worm lifespan to mouse studies showing the antioxidant shortens lifespan, animal studies have given mixed results. Some human trials support that α-lipoic acid may help with weight management and parameters of cardiovascular health, like blood pressure, yet evidence for its anti-inflammatory properties remains inconsistent. Thus, based on the data acquired on α-lipoic acid’s efficacy, this compound may help to modestly improve metabolism.
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